Who Were We? Exploring French Past Group Prototypes

Authors

  • Haifat Maoulida Orcid
    Laboratoire de Psychologie et d’Ergonomie Appliquées (UMR_T 7708), Université de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et d’Ergonomie Appliquées (UMR_T 7708), Université Gustave Eiffel, Paris, France; Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (EA 4368), Université Paris 8 – Vincennes-Saint-Denis, Paris, France; Laboratoire Cognitions humaine et artificielle (CHArt - EA 4004), Université Paris 8 - Vincennes-Saint-Denis, Paris, France
  • Isabel Urdapilleta Orcid
    Laboratoire Cognitions humaine et artificielle (CHArt - EA 4004), Université Paris 8 - Vincennes-Saint-Denis, Paris, France
  • Julie Collange Orcid
    Laboratoire de Psychologie et d’Ergonomie Appliquées (UMR_T 7708), Université Gustave Eiffel, Paris, France
  • Jean Louis Tavani Orcid
    Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (EA 4368), Université Paris 8 – Vincennes-Saint-Denis, Paris, France

Abstract

Groups have cognitive existence through the prototype of the group (Haslam et al., 1995; https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420250504). Past group prototypes then refer to the most representative characteristics that define the group in these previous states. We suppose, as collective events might have different versions associated with different valences (Zaromb et al., 2014; https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0369-7), this might also be the case for prototypes also held in the collective memory (Halbwachs, 1950; http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1522/cla.ham.mem1). After highlighting different facets of the past (Study 1) or not (Study 2), we used the “free association method” (Lo Monaco et al., 2017; https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12124; Vergès, [1992], L’évocation de l’argent. Bulletin de Psychologie, 45(4–7), 203–209). Yet, this research explored the content of past prototypes associated with different elements of French collective memory: the French during the Second World War (Study 1, N = 301), and French people in 18th century (Study 2, N = 354). Results suggest the existence for each of these periods of a “two-sided” prototype, i.e., a positive vs. negative-valence prototype. The implications of the existence of these “two-sided” prototypes, the implication of collective continuity perceived for each of them and avenues for future research will be discussed.